neck muscles

The muscles of the neck region in a didactic way can be divided into 5 regions:

 

Anterior Region of the Neck 
 Platysma or Cutaneous of the Neck 
Suprahyoid muscles Infrahyoid Muscles
Digastric
styloid
myloiode
genioid
 sternohyoid
sternothyroid
Thyroid
omohyoid
Lateral Region of the Neck Pre-Vertebral Region
sternocleidomastoid
previous scalene
Middle Scalene
posterior scalene
Lateral Rectus of the Head
 head length
Anterior Rectus of the Head
long neck

Anterior Neck Region:

PLATYSMA

Músculo Platisma Superior Insertion : Underside of mandible, skin of underside of face and corner of mouth

Inferior Insertion : Fascia covering the upper parts of the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

Innervation : Cervical Branch of the Facial Nerve (7th cranial nerve)

Action : Pulls the lower lip and the buccal angle, partially opening the mouth (horror expression). Pulls the skin over the collarbone towards the jaw.

 

 



 

Hyoid Bone Region – Suprahyoid Muscles

1. DIGASTRIC

Upper Insert
:

Músculo Digástrico Anterior belly: digastric fossa of the mandible

Posterior belly: Mastoid process

Inferior Insertion : Body of hyoid bone

Innervation: Facial nerve (posterior belly) and Mandibular nerve (anterior belly)

Action : Elevation of the Hyoid Bone and Lowering of the Mandible (opening the mouth). The anterior belly pulls the hyoid bone forward and the posterior belly pulls it back.

 




official style 2. STYLOID

Superior Insertion : Styloid process

Inferior Insertion : Body of hyoid bone

Innervation : Facial nerve (VII cranial nerve)

Action : Elevation and Retraction of the Hyoid Bone.

 

 


Músculo Miloioideo 3. MYLOIODE

Superior Insertion : Mylohyoid line of mandible

Inferior Insertion : Body of hyoid bone

Innervation : Mandibular Nerve (Trigeminal nerve branch – V cranial nerve)

Action : Elevation of the hyoid bone and tongue.

 

 


4. GENIOID

I Músculo Genioiodeo Superior insertion: Mentonian spine of mandible

Inferior Insertion : Body of hyoid bone

Innervation : Hypoglossal Nerve (C1)

Action: Anterior traction of the hyoid bone and tongue.

 

 

Hyoid Bone Region – Infrahyoid Muscles

1. STERNOHYOID

Músculo Esternohioideo

Superior Insertion : Body of hyoid bone

Lower Insertion : Back face of the
manubrium of the sternum and medial ¼ of the clavicle

Innervation : Branches of the Cervical Loop (N. of the Hypoglossal) with fibers from C1 to C3

Action : Lower the Hyoid Bone.

 

 



 

Músculo Esternotireoideo 2. STERNOTHYROID

Superior Insertion : Thyroid cartilage

Inferior Insertion : Posterior surface of the manubrium of the sternum

Innervation : Branches of the Cervical Loop (N. of the Hypoglossal) with fibers from C1 to C3

Action : Lower Thyroid Cartilage

 

 


 Músculo Tireoideo 3. THYROID

Superior Insertion: Greater horn of hyoid bone

Lower Insertion : Thyroid cartilage

Innervation : Hypoglossal nerve (C1 and C2)

Action : Lower the Hyoid Bone.

 

 

 


Músculo Omoiode 4. OMOYOIDEO

Superior Insertion : Body of hyoid bone

Lower Insertion : Upper border of scapula

Innervation : Branches of the Cervical Loop (N. of the Hypoglossal) with fibers from C1 to C3

Action : Lower the Hyoid Bone.

 

 

Lateral Region of the Neck

1. STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

Músculo Esternocleidomastoideo Superior Insertion : Mastoid process and superior nuchal line

Inferior Insertion : Anterior face of the manubrium of the sternum along the superior face and anterior border
the medial 1/3 of the clavicle

Innervation : C2, C3 and spinal part of the accessory nerve (11th cranial nerve)

Action :

* Fixed Superiorly: Inspiratory Action

* Fixed Bottom:

Unilateral Contraction: Flexion, Homolateral Bending and Rotation with the face facing the opposite side

Bilateral Contraction: Head flexion.

 


Anterior Scalene Muscle 2. PREVIOUS SCALENO

Superior Insertion: Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the 3rd to 6th cervical vertebrae

Inferior Insertion: Superior surface of 1st rib (anterior scalene tubercle)

Innervation : Branches of lower cervical nerves

Action : Elevation of the first rib and homolateral inclination of the neck – Inspiratory action.

Músculo Escaleno Médio 3. MEDIUM SCALE

Superior Insertion : Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the 2nd to 7th cervical vertebrae

Inferior Insertion : Superior surface of 1st rib

Innervation : Branches of lower cervical nerves

Action : Elevation of the first Rib and Homolateral Tilt of the Neck – Inspiratory Action.

Músculo Escaleno Posterior 4. POSTERIOR SCALENO

Superior Insertion: Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the 5th to 7th cervical vertebrae

Lower Insertion : Upper border of 2nd rib

Innervation : Anterior branches of the last 3 cervical nerves

Action : Elevation of the second rib and ipsilateral inclination of the neck – Inspiratory action

 

Músculo Reto Lateral da Cabeça

5. SIDE RECTUS OF THE HEAD

Superior Insertion : Jugular process of occiput

Lower Insertion : Transverse process of atlas

Innervation : Branch of ansa cervicalis between the 1st and 2nd cervical nerves

Action : Homolateral head tilt.

 





Pre-Vertebral Region

Músculo Longo da Cabeça

 

 1. LONG OF THE HEAD

Superior Insertion : Basilar process of occiput

Inferior Insertion : Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the 3rd to 6th cervical vertebrae

Innervation : C1, C2 and C3

Action : Head flexion.

 




 

Rectus Head Muscle 2. ANTERIOR RECTUS OF THE HEAD

Superior Insertion : Basilar process of occiput

Inferior Insertion : Transverse process and anterior surface of atlas

Innervation : Branch of ansa cervicalis between C1 and C2

Action : Flexion of the head.

 

 

 



3. NECK LONG

Músculo Longo do Pescoço Superior Oblique Portion:

Superior Insertion : Tubercle of the anterior arch of the Atlas

Inferior Insertion : Anterior tubercle of the transverse processes of C3 and C5

Lower Oblique Portion:
Superior Insertion : Anterior tubercle of the transverse processes of C5 and C6

Lower Insertion : Vertebral bodies from T1 to T3

Vertical portion:
Superior Insertion : Vertebral bodies from C2 to C4

Lower Insertion : Vertebral bodies from C5 to T3

Innervation : Branches from C2 to C7

Action : Neck flexion and homolateral tilt

 

NECK MUSCLES
Previous View
Músculo do Pescoço - Vista Anterior

 

Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000
NECK MUSCLES
Side view
 Músculo do Pescoço - Vista Lateral
Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.
NECK MUSCLES
Supra and Infrahyoid
 Músculo do Pescoço - Região do Osso Hioide
Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.
NECK MUSCLES
Supra and Infrahyoid
 Músculo do Pescoço - Região Supra e Infra-hioideos
Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.
NECK MUSCLES
geniohyoid
 Músculo Gênio-hioideo
Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.
NECK MUSCLES
mylohyoid
 Músculo Miloioideo
Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.
NECK MUSCLES
Scalenes and Prevertebrals
 Músculo do Pescoço - Região Pré Vertebral
Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000 .
 

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