Back Muscles
| Posterior Thorax | Posterior Region of the Neck | |
| Trapeze Back Latissimo Rhomboid Scapula Lifter Minor Post Poster Superior Minor Postero-Lower |
Splenium of the Head Neck Splenium Semispinal Head Semispinal Neck Chest Semi-Spinal |
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| Spinal Gutter | Suboccipital Triangle | |
| Spine Erectors Rotators Multifid Intertransversal Interspinates |
Posterior Posterior Straight of the Head Posterior Posterior Straight of the Head Upper Oblique Head Lower Oblique Head |
Posterior Thorax
1. Trapeze
Medial Insertion: Upper nuchal line, nuchal ligament and spinous processes from C7 to T12
Lateral Insertion: Posterior edge of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula
Innervation: Accessory Nerve (XI cranial nerve) and Trapezius nerve (C3 & #8211; C4)
Action:
* Fixed in ColumnShoulder Elevation, Scapula Adduction, Superior Scapula Rotation and Shoulder Depression
* Fixed on the shoulder blade:
Unilateral contraction: Homolateral Tilt and Contralateral Head Rotation
Bilateral contraction: Head Extension
2. Very Late in Sleep
Medial Insertion: Spinous processes of the 6th last thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, sacrum crest, 1/3 posterior iliac crest and outer face of the last 4 ribs
Lateral Insertion: Intertubercular Groove
Innervation: Thoracodorsal Nerve (C6 & #8211; C8)
Action: Adduction, Extension and Medial Rotation of the Arm. Shoulder Depression
3. ROMBOID
Medial Insertion: C7 to T5 spinous processes
Lateral Insertion: Medial border of the scapula
Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)
Action: Adduction and Lower Rotation of the Scapulae and Shoulder Elevation
4. SCOPE LIFT
Lower Insertion: Upper Angle of Scapula
Superior Insertion: Transverse process from atlas to C4
Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)
Action: Scapula Elevation and Adduction. Homolateral Tilting and Rotation of the Cervical Spine and Head Extension
5. MINOR POSTER-TOP SERRABLE
Medial Insertion: C7 to T3 spinous processes
Lateral Insertion: Upper edge and outer face of 2nd to 5th ribs
Innervation: Branches of the first 4 intercostal nerves
Action: Elevation of the first ribs (inspiratory action)
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6. MINOR POSTER LOWER POSTER
Medial Insertion: Thorny Processes from T11 to L3
Lateral Insertion: Bottom edge and outer face of the last 4 ribs
Innervation: 9th to 12th intercostal nerves
Action: Depression of last ribs (expiratory action)
Posterior Region of the Neck
1. HEAD SPLENDIUM
Superior Insertion: 1/3 lateral superior nuchal line and temporal bone mastoid process
Lower Insertion: C7 to T4 spinous processes
Innervation: Spinal nerves of the corresponding segment
Action: Extension, Tilt and Homolateral Head Rotation
2
. NECK Splenium
Superior Insertion: Transverse process of the first 3 cervical vertebrae
Lower Insertion: Spinous process from T3 to T6
Innervation: Spinal nerves of the corresponding segment
Action: Extension, Tilt and Homolateral Head Rotation
3. SEMISPINHAL HEAD
Superior Insertion: Between the upper and lower nuchal line
Lower Insertion: Transverse process from T1 to T7 and articular processes from C5 to C7
Innervation: Spinal nerves of the corresponding segment
Action: Head Extension and Homolateral Head Tilt
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4. NECK SPINE
Superior Insertion: Spinous process from C1 to C7
Lower Insertion: Transverse Processes from T1 to T6
Innervation: Spinal nerves (dorsal branches)
Action: Neck Extension and Contralateral Rotation
5. Semi-Thorax Thorax
Superior Insertion: Spinous Process C6 to T4
Lower Insertion: Transverse Processes from T6 to T10
Innervation: Spinal nerves (dorsal branches)
Action: Neck Extension and Contralateral Rotation
Suboccipitals & #8211; Suboccipital Trine
1. LARGER REAR HEAD STRAIGHT
Superior Insertion: Lower nuchal line
ILower Insert: Spiny axis process
Innervation: Cervical Plexus (C1)
Action: Head Extension and Contralateral Rotation
2
. LOWER HEAD REAR STRAIGHT
Superior Insertion: Lower nuchal line
Lower Insertion: Atlas posterior arch tuber
Innervation: Cervical Plexus (C1)
Action: Head Extension
3. HEAD TOP OBLIQUE
Superior Insertion: Between the upper and lower nuchal lines
Lower Insertion: Atlas Transverse Process
Innervation: Cervical Plexus (C1)
Action: Extension, Homolateral Tilt, and Contralateral Head Rotation
4. LOWER HEAD OBLIGO
Superior Insertion: Atlas Transverse Process
Lower Insertion: Spiny axis process
Innervation: Cervical Plexus (C2)
Action: Atlas Extension and Homolateral Rotation
Spinal Gout Muscles & #8211; Paravertebral
SPINE ERRORS
SPINHAL (+ Medial)
Head Portion:
Attached to the semi-spinal head
Neck portion:
Source: Nucal ligament and spinous processes from C7 to T2
Insertion: C2 to C4 spinous processes
Chest Portion:
Source: Thorny Processes T11 to L2
Insertion: Upper thoracic spinous processes (ranges from 4 to 8)
Innervation: Spinal nerves (dorsal branches)
Action: Spinal Extension
LONG DORSAL (Intermediate)
Head portion:
Superior Insertion: Mastoid Process
Lower Insertion: T1 to T4 transverse processes and C4 to C7 joint processes
Neck portion:
Superior Insertion: Transverse Processes from C2 to C6
Lower Insertion: Transverse Processes from T1 to T4
Chest Portion:
Superior Insertion: Transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae and the last 10 ribs
Lower Insertion: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and lumbocostal aponeurosis
Innervation: Spinal nerves (dorsal branches)
Action: Spinal Homolateral Extension and Tilt
ILIOCOSTAL (+ Lateral)
Cervical portion:
Superior Insertion: Transverse Processes from C4 to C6
Lower Insertion: 3rd to 6th rib angle
Thoracic Portion:
Superior Insertion: Angle of the first 6 ribs and C7 transverse process
Lower Insertion: Angle of the last 6 ribs
Lumbar Portion:
Superior Insertion: Angle of the last 6 ribs
Lower Insertion: Sacral Dorsal Face
Innervation: Spinal nerves (dorsal branches)
Action: Spinal Homolateral Extension and Tilt
ROUTORS
Inserts: It extends from the sacrum to C2. They connect the transverse process of a vertebra with the spinous process of the overlying vertebra.
Innervation: Spinal nerves of the corresponding segment
Action: Contralateral Spinal Extension and Rotation
MULTIPLE
Source: Back of the sacrum, PPE, lumbar nipple processes, transverse thoracic process and joint processes from C4 to C7
Insertion: Spinous process of 3 to 5 vertebrae above
Innervation: Spinal nerves of the corresponding segment
Action: Spinal Stabilization and Extension
INTERTRANSVERSALS
Superior Insertion: Transverse process of upper vertebra
Lower Insertion: Transverse process of the lower vertebra
Innervation: Spinal nerves of the corresponding segment
Action: Homolateral Spinal Tilt
Interspecials
Superior Insertion: Spinous process of the upper vertebra
Lower Insertion: Spinous process of the lower vertebra
Innervation: Spinal nerves of the corresponding segment
Action: Spinal Extension
| Back Muscles Rear View & #8211; Surface layer |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H .. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2 ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
| Back Muscles Rear View & #8211; Intermediate Layer |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H .. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2 ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
| Back Muscles Rear View & #8211; Deep layer |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H .. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2 ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
| Other Muscle Groups |
| Face
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