ABDOME MUSCLES
The muscles of the abdomen can be divided into 4 regions:
- Anterolateral Region
- Later Region
- Upper Region
- Lower Region
Anterolateral Region | Later Region | |
Anterior rectum of the abdomen Pyramid of the abdomen External Oblique of Abdomen Abdomen Internal Oblique Abdomen Transverse |
Lumbar Square Iliopsoas Psoas Minor |
|
Upper Region | Lower Region | |
Diaphragm | Anus lifter Ischiococcygeal |
Anterolateral Region
1. PREVIOUS STRAIGHT OF ABDOME
Superior Insertion: External and inferior face of the 5th to 7th costal cartilages and xiphoid process
Lower Insertion: Body of the pubis and symphysis pubis
Innervation: Last 5 intercostal nerves
Action: Increased intra-abdominal pressure (Exhalation, Vomiting, Defecation, Urination and Childbirth)
* Chest Fixed: Retroversion of the pelvis
* Fixed in the Pelvis: Trunk flexion (+ or ≤ 30 °)
2. Abdominal Pyramidal
Superior Insertion: Alba Line
Lower Insertion: Body of the pubis and anterior pubic ligament
Innervation: 12th intercostal nerve
Action: Intend Alba Line
3. EXTERNAL OBLIGO OF ABDOME
Superior Insertion: External face of the last 7 ribs
Lower Insertion: ½ anterior iliac crest, EIAS, pubis tubercle and alba line
Innervation: 4 last intercostal nerves, iliohypogastric and ilioguinal nerves
Action:
* Unilateral contraction: Rotation with chest rotating to the opposite side
* Bilateral contraction: Trunk flexion and increased intra-abdominal pressure
4. INTERNAL OBLIGO OF ABDOME
Superior Insertion: 3 last costal cartilages, pubis crest and alba line
Lower Insertion: Iliac Crest, EIAS and Inguinal Ligament
Innervation: 4 last intercostal nerves, iliohypogastric and ilioguinal nerves
Action: Same as External Oblique, but rotates chest to same side
5. ABDOME TRANSVERSE
Posterior Insertion: Internal face of the last 6 costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inguinal ligament
Previous Insert: Alba line and crest of the pubis
Innervation: Last 5 intercostal, iliohypogastric and ilioguinal nerve
Action: Increased intra-abdominal pressure and stabilization of the lumbar spine
Later Region
1. SQUARE LOMBAR
Superior Insertion: 12th rib and transverse process from 1st to 4th lumbar vertebrae
Lower Insertion: Iliac Crest and Ileolumbar Ligament
Innervation: 12th intercostal nerve and L1
Action: Homolateral trunk inclination and 12th rib depression
2. ILIOPSOAS
Iliac
Superior Insertion: 2/3 superiors of the iliac fossa, iliac crest and sacrum's wing
Lower Insertion: Smaller trochanter
Innervation: Femoral Nerve (L2 & #8211; L3)
Action: Hip flexion, pelvic anteroversion and lumbar spine flexion (30 ° & #8211; 90 °)
Psoas Maior
Superior Insertion: Transverse process of lumbar vertebrae, bodies and intervertebral discs of the last thoracic and all lumbar
Lower Insertion: Smaller trochanter
Innervation: Upper and lower nerve of psoas major muscle (L1 & #8211; L3)
Action: Thigh flexion, lumbar spine flexion (30 ° & #8211; 90 °) and homolateral inclination
3. SMALLER PEOPLE (Usually absent)
Superior Insertion: T12 and L1 vertebral body
Lower Insertion: Iliopectinine Eminence
Innervation: L1
Action: Pelvic flexion and lumbar spine
Upper Region
1. DIAPHRAGM
Source: Inner face of the last 6 ribs, inner face of the xiphoid process and vertebral bodies of the upper lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: In the central tendon (aponeurosis)
Innervation: Phrenic Nerve (C3 & #8211; C5) and last 6 intercostal nerves (proprioception)
Action: Inspiratory as it decreases the internal pressure of the rib cage allowing air to enter the lungs, spinal stabilization and expulsions (defecation, vomiting, urination and childbirth).
Lower Region
1. ANUS LIFT
The levator usually shows a two-part separation:
– Pubococcygeal
& #8211; Iliococcygeal
Source: Between the upper branch of the pubis and sciatic spine
Insertion: Coccyx, sphincter of anus and central tendon point of perineum
Innervation: Plexus Pudding (S3 & #8211; S5)
Action: Supports and slightly elevates pelvic floor, resisting increased intra-abdominal pressure, as during forced expiration
2. ISCHIOCOCCIGE
Source: Apex of the ischium spine and sacrospinous ligament
Insertion: Coccyx margin and lateral aspect of sacrum
Innervation: Plexus Pudding (S4 & #8211; S5)
Action: Traction of the coccyx ventrally, supporting the pelvic floor against intra-abdominal pressure
ABDOME MUSCLES Previous View & #8211; Surface layer |
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Source: NETTER, Frank H .. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2 ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
ABDOME MUSCLES Previous View & #8211; Intermediate Layer |
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Source: NETTER, Frank H .. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2 ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
ABDOME MUSCLES Previous View & #8211; Deep layer |
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Source: NETTER, Frank H .. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2 ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
ABDOME MUSCLES Iliopsoas |
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Source: NETTER, Frank H .. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2 ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
ABDOME MUSCLES Iliopsoas action |
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Source: NETTER, Frank H .. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2 ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
ABDOME MUSCLES Inner View of Abdomen Back Wall |
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Source: NETTER, Frank H .. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2 ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
Other Muscle Groups |
Face
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