skull as a whole

  • Anterior View of the Skull
  • Side View of the Skull
  • Medial View of the Skull
  • Top View of the Skull
  • cranial fossae
  • Bottom View of the Skull

 

Anterior View of the Skull

ANTERIOR VIEW OF THE SKULL
 Vista Anterior do Crânio
Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.

ORBIT BONES
 Ossos da Órbita
Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.

Side View of the Skull

SIDE VIEW OF THE SKULL
 Vista Lateral do Crânio
Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.

SIDE VIEW OF THE SKULL
 Vista Lateral do Crânio
Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.

Medial View of the Skull

MEDIAL VIEW OF THE SKULL
 Vista Medial do Crânio
Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.

Superior View of the Skull – Cranial Cap

The top of the skull is called the skull dome or calvaria.

It is crossed by Four Sutures (joints that allow minimal mobility to the bones of the skull):

1 – Coronal or Bregmatic Suture : between the frontal and parietal bones

2 – Sagittal suture : between the two parietals (median sagittal line)

3 – Lambdoid suture : between the parietals and the occiput

4 – Squamous Suture : between the parietal and temporal


Some Anthropometric Points of the Skull :

Bregma – point of union of the sagittal and coronal sutures

Lambda – point of union of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures

Vertex – highest part of the skull

Gonium – angle of the mandible

Pteryum – point of union of parietal, frontal, sphenoid and temporal bones

 

TOP VIEW OF THE SKULL - OUTER FACE
 Vista Superior do Crânio
Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.

cranial fossae

      • It is divided into 3 pits:

        Anterior Fossa Middle Fossa Posterior Fossa

        Fossa Anterior do CrânioFossa Média do CrânioFossa Posterior do Crânio

        Previous Trench

        Limits:

        Inner lamina from frontal to posterior edge of lesser wing of sphenoid

        Bones:

        Frontal, Sphenoid and Ethmoid

        Foramina:

        • foramen cecum – passage of a small vein from the nasal cavity to the superior sagittal sinus
        • Crivous Blade – Passage of the I Cranial Pair (Olfactory Nerve)
        • Optical Canal – Passage of the II Cranial Pair (Optic Nerve) and Ophthalmic Artery

        Middle Trench

        Limits :

        Posterior border of lesser wing of sphenoid to superior border of petrous portion of temporalis

        Bones :

        Sphenoid and Temporal

        Foramina :

        • Superior Orbital Fissure – Passage of the III Cranial Pair (Oculomotor Nerve), IV Cranial Pair (Trochlear Nerve), V Cranial Pair (Trigeminal Nerve – Ophthalmic Branch), VI Cranial Pair (Abducens Nerve) and the ophthalmic vein
        • Round foramen - Passage of the V Cranial Pair (Trigeminal Nerve - Maxillary Branch)
        • Foramen Ovale – Passage of the V Cranial Pair (Trigeminal Nerve – Mandibular Branch)
        • Spinous foramen - Passage of the middle meningeal artery
        • Lacerus or Anterior Torn – nothing passes, is covered by fibrous tissue
        • Carotid Canal – Passage of the carotid artery

        posterior fossa

        Limits:

        Superior edge of the temporalis rock to the inner lamina of the occipital bone

        Bones:

        Temporal and Occipital

        Foramina :

        • Internal Acoustic Meatus – Passage of VII Cranial Pair (Facial Nerve), VIII Cranial Pair (Vestibulocochlear Nerve)
        • Jugular foramen - Passage of the IX Cranial Pair (Glossopharyngeal Nerve), X Cranial Pair (Vagus Nerve) and XI Cranial Pair (Accessory Nerve) and Internal Jugular Vein
        • Hypoglossal Canal – Passage of the XII Cranial Pair (Hypoglossal Nerve)
        • Condylar Channel – Inconstant
        • Foramen Magnus – Passage of the bulb, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, vertebral arteries, spinal roots and accessory nerve

        STRUCTURES OF THE CRANIAL FOSS
         Estruturas das Fossas Cranianas
        Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.

        cranial fossa bones
         Ossos das Fossas Cranianas
        Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000 .

        Bottom View of the Skull

        BOTTOM VIEW OF THE SKULL
         Vista Inferior do Crânio
        Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.


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